HelloMD.com: ORTHO PAEDICS (BONE
AND JOINTS)Orthopaedics is concerned with bones, joints,
muscles, tendeols and nerves - the skeletal system and all that makes
it move.
 ARTHROSCOPY
Arthroscopy means keyhole surgery for
joints. It has evolved extensively over the past few decades in the
management of traumatic and other disorders of the joints. This is
especially true for knee and shoulder joints, however its application
now also encompasses wrist, ankle, hip and elbow joints. The present
day instrument is a rigid telescope with a fiber-optic illumination.
The thickness of the scope ranges from 2mm to 5 mm. It has a system or
rod lens that gives a magnified image. The image may be visualized
directly on the eyepiece or still better on a television monitor using
a solid-state camera. The procedure is carried out mostly under local
anesthesia. The joint is distended with fluid (saline or glycine
solution). The scope is then introduced through sheath using a
suitable portal. The instruments are introduced through the other
portals being guided by the image on the monitor. The more commonly
used instruments include the motorized shaver, probe, punches, knives,
curettes etc. The surgeon explores the joint in a systematic order
manipulating the arthorscope with one hand and the instruments with
the other. At the end of the procedure, the joint is levaged and the
small cuts sutured. The patient may be able to return home the same
day. The commonest usage is for the knee followed by the shoulder.
Common indications :-
1) Diagnostic arthroscopy - Used
for diagnosing various joint problems .
2) Therapeutic arthroscopy
a) Sports injury
b) Ligament repair
c) Meniscal repair and removal (Meniscus is a cartilaginous structure
between the knee joint).
d) Sinovectomy - Removal of inner lining of the joint in certain
diseases of the knee joint.
e) Biopsy - Taking out a small piece of tissue from inside the joint
for diagnosing certain diseases
f) Septic arthritis - In case of joint infections, debridement and
levage of the joint can also be done.
INDICATIONS OF HIP REPLACEMENT
1) Fracture Neck Femur
(2) Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head (Common Causes - Steroid
intake, trauma, chemotherapy, Renal failure etc.)
(3) Rheumatoid arthritis
(4) Ankylosing spondilitis
(5) Psoriatic arthritis
(6) Congenital dysplasia.
CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINO
VARUS
This is a deformity of the feet
present since birth in which feet are rotated on the inner side. It is
usually present in the first male baby. It consists of inversion of
the heel, inner rotation of the forefoot, inner rotation of the leg
and small elevated heel.
It is of two types :-
i) Flexible - can be corrected by manipulation using successive
applications of plasters
ii) Rigid - It is usually associated with neuromuscular problems and
is surgically corrected.
TRAUMA SURGERIES
All types of plates, interlocking
nails, external fixators etc are used for the treatment of simple and
complex fractures of the joints.
BONE TUMORS
All types of malignant and benign
tumors are surgically operated with latest techniques at the centres
associated with AMS.
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